BhK

Professor Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, third vice-chancellor of our University passed away on the 11th of August, last Saturday. I had met him once last year, an evening of pleasant conversation and gentle wit. It was clear that even long after retirement he thought often about our University and various matters concerning its well being.

One colleague who was very deeply affected by the news of his passing is Probal Dasgupta who is presently at the ISI Kolkata and was earlier in the CALTS, the Centre for Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies that Prof. Krishnamurti had founded.  I asked him if I could adapt what he had written in his mail for this blog post.

The news of Professor Bhadriraju Krishnamurti’s passing which reached me on the 11th of August first shocked me – he had been aging gracefully and one had expected him to last a lot longer than eighty-four – and then, on reflection, also drove home a social fact. I began to feel that the University of Hyderabad community, which he worked so hard to shape seriously and durably, may have reached a point in its trajectory that makes it hard to see just what his contributions were all about. So let me throw in a few personal comments, for what they are worth, hoping that this might help some of you to achieve some clarity about what the man did for us. Before I start, since I no longer work for UoH, I suppose I need to tell many of you that I worked there from 1989 to 2006; time flies.

I first met BhK – as he encouraged many of us to call him – in 1980 at an international conference in the Osmania area of Hyderabad; at that stage few of us had heard of HCU. I had just finished my PhD at New York University. I was happy to find that he and I, across the generation gap, shared an enthusiasm – we both felt it was important to use Indian languages in official life, in the public space, in higher education, and to incubate cutting edge research especially in the humanities and social sciences. When we began to exchange thoughts we were not just crossing a generation divide; BhK was also going out of his way to befriend a younger person across turf boundaries – he and my mentor in linguistics had crossed swords a couple of times. By ‘friend’ I emphatically don’t mean just a chatting companion (though he was that too, and a good conversationist). He was a well-wisher willing and able to translate words into action. It was BhK who went out of his way to give me a break in the 80s. I was just one example; he often went way beyond the call of duty to support non-conventional scholars. BhK always did his best to ensure working conditions for them that were as optimal as one might expect, given the overall institutional circumstances in our country – and he expected these scholars to walk the extra mile to improve these circumstances for others. BhK was a rare combination – he was as committed to institution building as he was to scholarship itself.

I can vouch for the fact that BhK worked both privately and publicly to create an interpersonal ethos that would foster excellence and the democratic virtues, but that he did not believe in an opposition between merit and social justice.  His appreciation of excellence never lapsed into elitism; he also never made the opposite mistake of pushing the appearance of democracy to the point of suffocating the quest for intellectual and cultural excellence.  His willingness to cross boundaries was evident for instance in the fact that despite his life-long support for a centrist form of politics he was explicitly appreciative of writings emanating from the radical left. Again, I’m talking about actions, not just words: BhK was the Vice-Chancellor who expanded the scope of reservations in the admission process of the University of Hyderabad to help the democratic conversation to flourish. Some day, writers capable of eliciting serious public attention will give him credit for this social achievement which grew directly out of his academic convictions.

This is not the place to comment on BhK as an academic in any detail. I’ll just finish by telling you an anecdote.  BhK and I were travelling to Calcutta to speak at a Suniti Kumar Chatterji centenary seminar. Chatterji (1890-1976) was arguably the greatest Indian linguist in modern times. On the way, BhK said, “Probal, there is a question I have been wanting to ask you.  Those laws of sound change that were stated in Chatterji’s 1926 book – they still stand, don’t they?”  I reflected for a moment and said, “Yes, they stand.”  He simply said, “That is what I wanted to know.”  The point BhK was driving home, in his own quiet way, was that we who are working today should repeatedly ask ourselves:  Are we writing anything, today, with enough rigour to make it likely that commentators 64 years hence will still cheer for what we are writing today?

Thanks Probal. And thank you, BhK.

Green, Greener. Blue, Bluer.

This post is about the various initiatives that are currently under way to make our campus bluer and greener than it has been. Given the fact that when we got our campus in 1974 it was, to put it mildly, bleak the change in these forty odd years has been quite phenomenal. I recall visiting here first in 1980 when there was little more than the CIL building and the sheds… It has taken considerable effort of a large set of dedicated people to transform it to what we see today, the lakes, the patches of dense woods, the blue and the green.

There is a tree planting drive being undertaken by the Hyderabad Metro at this time- 40K trees all over the campus, with a promise to take care of the entire project including maintenance of the saplings, providing tree guards and fertilizer for the next 6 months. Earlier major efforts of this kind have been undertaken, most notably the  Energy Plantation Project (1985-1992) that was sponsored by the Department of Nonconventional Energy Sources (DNES). The idea was that the trees would be harvested periodically for biomass. That did not happen, and as a result we have large green tracts. The trees are not ideally suited for the region, though, so in the coming year we will see how to systematically replant some of these areas with indigenous flora.

The photographs in this post are through the kind courtesy of Prof. M N V Prasad- the dry scrub that was, the Bignoniaceae in bloom, the plantation drive in 1986- and these should give you an idea of the scale of the work that was involved, and comparatively how much easier we have it today…

The lakes are another issue, again being newcomers, at least at the sizes they are now. Peacock Lake, Buffalo Lake (or Gundla Kunta, its other name), as well as a number of unnamed but large water bodies that dot the campus are all in need of three things: Cleaning, Desilting, Strengthening. Sewage from the hostels and other buildings flows freely into all the lakes- the illegal canteens being among the worse culprits. Mercifully the Engineering branch is looking into some of this, but we need more action. The lakes are also getting deepened, thanks to the GHMC Commissioner and his recognition of the University’s efforts, and there is a concerted move to strengthen the check-dams and bunds on the campus.

You will all have seen the visible results of the campus cleanliness drive. Please help in the afforestation as well as in water preservation. Several students have come forth and offered their help. The NSS coordinator, Dr Srinivasa Rao as well. The efforts of Profs. Sachi Mohanty, A C Narayana and others need to be both acknowledged and bolstered, to make the campus green greener and the blue bluer!

PS: Suggestions and photographs welcome.

Anugunj :: अनुगूँज

Prof. K K Mishra of our Department of Anthropology is presently away from the University, serving as the Director of the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya in Bhopal (and also as the Director General of the Anthropological Survey of India, in Kolkata).

This week, he has brought an exhibition to the Salar Jung Museum,  Anugunj, that explores the various creation myths that occur in our diverse indigenous cultures. Hyderabad is in good company- the exhibition that is permanently housed in Bhopal has earlier traveled to Mumbai and to Delhi. I had the privilege of seeing it today, and it was, in a word, stunning.

The Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya was founded with the aim of preserving and documenting the disappearing traditions and life-skills as well as with a view to revive as many of them as possible. It aimed at presenting a chronicle of human evolution but with an awareness of the pitfall that threatened a past oriented approach. The museum is spread over 200 acres with an undulating terrain has many open-air exhibitions. The travelling exhibition Anugunj is a component of [their] permanent exhibition and consists mainly of photographs of the exhibits from there. However, it also has fibre replicas of some huge terracotta works as well as smaller versions of the original objects in iron, bronze and terracotta created by the same artists.

Mythology, besides being the ancient cousin of culture is also a chronicle of its highs and low. Hence a basic understanding of the myths is necessary for knowing a culture. This brings out the importance of this exhibition as well as the reason for its popularity.  

In addition to being visually very attractive, this exhibit that occupies a large new room on the third floor of the Salar Jung museum and which has been curated by Shampa Shah (of the IGRMS) explores the creation of the world, various trades and various tribes in a variety of media- painting, terracotta, and metalwork. Being a traveling show, many of the exhibits are photographs or reproductions, but still. It was great to see a large painting by Durgabai Vyam who had come to the UoH last year. Also a terracotta sculpture by the phenomenal- and tragic- tribal artist,   Jangarh Singh Shyam.

The exhibition is on for the next three weeks, and given the range of arts on display- from Ao Naga to Saora to Bhil- this is well worth a visit to the Salar Jung Museum. And if things work out, we should be able to catch a glimpse of it on our own campus too…

Suddenly, this summer…

Ashwin Kumar, student of our IMSc programme has been spending two months at the University of Alberta. He is, however, one of a growing number of undergraduates who use the summer months to get a taste of research. And, incidentally to see the world…

Prof. K P N Murthy has been one of the biggest champions of the cause. He has nurtured the Junior Science Club of the UoH, and has also personally mentored a large number of students each summer (OK, so the suddenly in the post title is misleading). Later this year, when the semester begins, he plans to have a two-day meeting of all the students who did summer internships when they will present the work they through talks and/or posters. The event will be at the CIS where he is also the present Director. He writes that a large number of of students in IMSc and MSc have gone to various places on summer internship. Also many of our own students have done their summer internship in our university itself. For example I had some four students from IMSc and one student from M Sc as summer fellows.

He is not alone. We had a very large number of students from other institutions come here under the Inter-Academy Summer Fellowships- the largest number after those who chose to go to the IISc, as a matter of fact. Many many thanks to the many faculty members who mentored them!

Meanwhile, the news from the University of Alberta where a classroom was set abuzz with inquisitive conversation and questions this week at the first-ever University of Alberta Research Internship Poster Symposium.

“It’s an awesome experience,” said Ashwin Kumar, an undergraduate chemistry student from India’s University of Hyderabad who is working in a UAlberta research lab analyzing protein interactions with BRCA1—the Breast Cancer Type 1 susceptibility gene—to better understand the make-up of breast and ovarian cancer cells. “This is the first time I’ve been abroad and it’s my first research experience ever. It’s really exciting.”

Harshavardhan Reddy Pinninty, a student in the IMSc Physics programme was at Lindau, Germany at the annual meeting of Nobel laureates, where he has been having a great time. His FB status says it all: A lifetime opportunity :).

There are many others- some that I heard of (via Kedar Kulkarni) are  Raghu Pradeep Narayanan who was at Purdue, Abhay Jith at MIT. And its not just the Science students- a number of our students in the social sciences have also spent their summer usefully.  Achyut Kulkarni was at IIT, Milan George Jacob at CDS Trivandrum, Syed Mohib Ali at the Centre for Civil Society, Aabha Sharma at IIT-Madras, Sai Madhurika at RBI Chennai and Kedar Kulkarni was also at the University of Alberta. I am sure this list is way incomplete!

In any case it will be good to hear what all these students have been up to this summer. The experience promises to be- if anything- humbling.

Deconstructing Mass

A day after the announcement at CERN of the experiment confirming the (probable) existence of the Higgs boson, the Indian Express carried an article by Payal Ganguly that was provocatively titled UoH Professor looks beyond the God particle. A discursive interview with Professor Bindu Bambah of the School of Physics, the article tried to explain to the lay public what the excitement was all about.

This post is not to recap all that, but merely to point to those sources and some others wherein one can hopefully understand why the discovery is such a big deal. Its not just that there is mass at the end of the tunnel, its also a staggering scientific and engineering feat, and as Prof. Bambah says, a “vindication of scientific method and thinking.”

Her own research is, of course, connected with experiments at CERN. As she describes in the IE article, In 1988-1990, I worked on the electron positron collider, which was a low-energy version of the present LHC. That was when India was taking baby steps in the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Today we have a huge presence there, with participation in major experiments, contribution of significant money, and much opportunity for additional work, looking beyond this particular set of experiments.

Given the fact that several colleagues in the School of Physics work on particle physics, we should have a public lecture at the University on the discovery as soon as term begins later this month to learn more of what images on the left mean. Really. Meanwhile, my son sent me this link (one of many such, I am sure) that is accessible to a wider audience, from the PhD Comics site, The Higgs Boson explained. And recognising the general interest, there was even an episode of The Big Fight on “Will Science be able to define God?” on NDTV…

But speaking of comics, there is a raging discussion on the font used by CERN in their power-point presentation. Strong opinions are being voiced on what font to use, or more to the point, to not use… Comic sans MS being deemed stylistically inappropriate for such gravitas. Even if much of this discussion is on Twitter… Anyhow, I am also certain that there is some space for levity here, in spite of the gravity of it all, so let me take this opportunity to announce a clerihew competition on this theme. Send your entries by email, or comment on this post. To start things off, here is mine:

Said Peter Higgs

While munching figs,

I think it odd

To call my particle God.

Professor Bambah (the title of this post is a nod to her joint position in the Centre for Womens Studes at UoH) will judge the competition and decide the winner, unless she sends an entry in too…

IMBY


The Urban Dictionary will tell you that NIMBY is an acronym for Not In My BackYard, to describe the attitude of those who will want to benefit from the advantages of a particular action, but who find that the disadvantages are suddenly unacceptable. The usual situation where nimbyism is typically decried is in an urban setting- opposing a road or a shopping mall coming up too close to ones home, for instance. Of course things are not always a clear case of either/or, so there can be both good and bad connotations to being nimbyistic.

By extension, IMBY describes the opposite attitude. Which would, of course, be acceptable in many situations, especially when there is a clear idea of the greater public good. Regrettably though, and this is the subject of the present post, when it comes to the matter of waste disposal on our campus, imbyism is simply unacceptable. The photographs here are of various sites in and around the central part, behind the Science complex, and near the School of Humanities. More could have been taken, and some of them would illustrate that even less desirable stance: IMNBY or In My Neighbour’s BackYard!

Many of you will have noticed that there is a concerted effort being undertaken to “clean-up” the campus. The quotes are there to underscore the fact that it is not an effort to prettify  the campus in some very artificial way- as superficially attractive as a manicured campus might be, it is not the way our UoH campus is. However, with the dense undergrowth that has been uncared for for many years, the foliage has covered a multitude of sins, mostly that of the way in which we dispose of our waste. Everywhere one can see discarded bottles- both plastic and glass, styrofoam packaging, all manner of trash and garbage. A catalogue of what we throw away would reveal a little too much of ourselves… and I will not go into that. But it can all be seen and sometimes the close proximity of a garbage can makes it all the more tragic.

One spot that worried me a great deal is the pool that has formed behind Gopes, one that is dangerously close to a water source. Waste management on the campus is a joint responsibility – if the system is to work in any manner at all, it needs constant supervision. Drains need to be kept flowing, so trash needs to be segregated and disposed of properly… while making sure that blockages are removed periodically. There is no other solution- we need to work together on this, and on a continual basis.

In the end, it is our campus. Emphasis on our. And keeping it clean and safe is something that all of us should want. So while it is nice to have slogans- Clean Campus, Green Campus or Mana Campus, Mana Hridayam and all that- its essential to go beyond them and see that public spaces on the campus stay unpolluted. That would be the best way we can make the campus habitable for all its denizens, the flora and the fauna, in addition to us…

The Secret Life of Plant Biologists

It is always a pleasure to bring to the notice of the wider UoH community that a colleague has been honoured for his excellence in research: Professor A S Raghavendra of the Department of Plant Sciences has been named a Corresponding Member of the American Society of Plant Biologists.

The award will be formally presented during the opening session of Plant Biology 2012, ASPB’s annual meeting in July in Austin, Texas. First given in 1932, the Corresponding Membership Award honors up to three distinguished plant biologists residing outside the United States with life membership in the ASPB, a professional scientific society, headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, devoted to the advancement of the plant sciences worldwide. 

With a membership of some 4,500 plant scientists from throughout the United States and more than 50 other nations, the Society publishes two of the most widely cited plant science journals: The Plant Cell and Plant Physiology. 

The citation reads: Agepati Srinivasa Raghavendra (University of Hyderabad, India) is nominated for pioneering work in photosynthetic carbon metabolism and stomatal guard cell function. Agepati also has introduced innovative techniques for the rapid isolation of highly active mesophyll protoplasts from pea and Arabidopsis, monitoring cytosolic pH by fluorescent dyes, and developing a reconstituted system of isolated mitochondria and peroxisomes.

One more feather in the cap of the Department of Plant Sciences… Bravo!

Chemistry in the time of civil conflict

I’m just back from the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka,  where I had the privilege to deliver a lecture in honour of Professor Sivapathasuntharam Mageswaran, founder of the Chemistry Department at the University. Both UoH and the University of Jaffna were set up around the same time- both children of the mid 1970’s but with very different trajectories… Within a decade, the UoJ was in a battleground- a very real one, with the kind of attrition that is any administrator’s nightmare. Faculty and students left in droves, alternately displaced by one side or the other. Many buildings were destroyed. More than that.

Through two decades or more, Professor Mageswaran steered his Department – that was for much of the time just about three persons- through many battles. Any visitor to Jaffna will be struck by the presence of so much detritus of the civil war, the wastage of three decades of civil conflict, the rebuilding of such a large fraction of the city, reclaiming it, from the debris of war as much as from the ravages of time: Nature conquers what she can, and fast, as the image on the left, from Keerimalai, testifies…

One casualty was his own health: at the age of 56, he was struck down, but not before the department he had formed was firmly rooted. Today, it seems healthy, with about a dozen teachers, a firm plan of starting a Ph D programme soon, and a future that has promise. But the memories of the difficult days stay. My hosts there live, for instance, with a daily reminder of the war that was. In the house that they rebuilt, they left the one wall with bullet and shrapnel holes intact. And those days are indeed never very far away- an old machine gun and unexploded grenade was found in the tailor’s shop opposite their home only last week- clearly left over from twenty or more years ago, but still… It was impossible not to be impressed by the dedication of the University staff. Like most people in the peninsula, the University was caught in the middle of all the violence, but the resilience that they showed in finding the strength to keep going, to continue to teach and educate (especially when it was not clear what horror the next minute might well bring) is commendable.

India is both near and far. A short distance across the Palk Strait, but the ferry service has stopped, so it really does take a journey. The Sri Lankan undergraduate programmes are largely of four years duration, so there is a mismatch of sorts. Given the fact that our own system is evolving, this may be less of an issue than it seems, but it is odd that we do not have closer academic links as well.

Especially given our shared history- everywhere one goes, one is never far from a stupa. As  it happens, I was also there on the Poson Poya, the full moon day in June, anniversary of when Mihinda and Sanghamitra brought Buddhism to this country. The crowds at Mihintale and Anuradhapura- especially around the Sri Maha Bodhi, the tree that they planted in 288 BCE- are yet another aspect of the old and near connection. But more is needed, especially from the viewpoint of Universities. And the more is in collaborations, exchanges and  academic sharing of expertise, given our historical, geographical and cultural proximity.

Night Thoughts

… the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. 

I came to the University of Hyderabad on the 1st of June 2011. Today, particularly,  it is almost impossible to not reflect on the year gone by and think of the roads taken…

My one persistent sense of the year past is that things have moved rather slowly, and that time has flowed in different ways. Tempo Larghetto – somewhere between Adagio and Lento, rather than Allegro!  Time has flowed rather differently this past year,  not quite backwards, but many things seemed to take more time than I had originally thought they might. So instead of a stocktaking this is really more a time to think of what could or should have been. And what still needs doing, follow through, and follow up. Frost comes to mind again, what with those lonely, dark, and deep woods. And the miles to go.

The title of the post, lest it be misunderstood, are really more the Night Thoughts of a Novitiate Vice Chancellor,  along the lines of Night-Thoughts of a Classical Physicist (the novel by Russell McCormmach, but that has more of a sense of angst than I feel) or the poem by Edward Young, from which they both take their name, although that has even more angst than that…

At the end of a year, the view that I have of our University is in many ways not very different from the one that I started with- we are indeed a University with the Potential for Excellence- except that we are now beyond the stage of having our potential recognized, the potential has to be translated into a realization on so many fronts. Some of the Ten Simple Rules (for surviving in a harsh environment) that I wrote about last are germane, most of all the need for endurance. The race here is not to the swift, it is to the true… and to those who stay the course.

Ten Simple Rules

Sometimes it is possible to distill wisdom into a set of byte-sized rules. Or so we have been thinking since long, the tradition going back, in some sense, to Moses. Among the most quotable of these (though the number is not ten) is Polonius’ advice to Laertes, perhaps the most singable, Paul Simon’s 50 ways… And surely, there are others.

In recent times, the Editors of the journal PLoS Computational Biology (thats the logo of their linking page) have been bringing out a number of such lists, among which are variously Ten Simple Rules forStarting a Company,  Getting Involved in Your Scientific Community, Teaching Bioinformatics at the High School Level, Developing a Short Bioinformatics Training Course,  Getting Help from Online Scientific Communities, Building and Maintaining a Scientific Reputation,  Providing a Scientific Web Resource, Getting Ahead as a Computational Biologist in Academia,  Editing Wikipedia,  Organizing a Virtual Conference—Anywhere, Chairing a Scientific Session,  Choosing between Industry and Academia,  Combine Teaching and Research,  Organizing a Scientific Meeting, Aspiring Scientists in a Low-Income Country,  Graduate Students,  Doing Your Best Research, According to Hamming,  Good Poster Presentation,  Making Good Oral Presentations, Successful Collaboration, Selecting a Postdoctoral Position, Reviewers, Getting Grants, Getting Published… The list will, we are told, go on.

I was recently at a meeting of the Department of Science and Technology’s Ramanujan Fellows, a group of gifted young scientists who have recently (in the last five years or less) returned to work in India after postdoctoral positions abroad. Most of them had spent a fair amount of time away from the country and had, to varying extents, become unfamiliar with how things work (or don’t) here. I was invited to share some experiences of a career in India with them, an assignment I had accepted somewhat hesitantly because hindsight is always 20/20, and often its not easy to share the travails of the path, which can seem rosier than it was. In the event, I didn’t wish to slip into anecdotage and thought I would share some of these Ten Rules, especially because I felt a resonance with them (the rules, that is). Those I chose to highlight in the talk were

  • Ten Simple Rules for Doing Your Best Research, According to Hamming by T C Erren, P Cullen, M Erren, P E Bourne, PLoS Comp. Biol., 2007
  • Ten Simple Rules for Building and Maintaining a Scientific Reputation by P. E. Bourne + V. Barbour, PLoS Comp. Biol., 2011, and
  • Ten Simple Rules for Aspiring Scientists in a Low-Income Country by E Moreno +J-M Gutierrez, PLoS Comp. Biol. 2008
The last of these hit a chord, especially in connection with the second. The mathematician (and computer scientist) Richard Hamming’s list is justly famous, and one that is worth recalling anytime. Anyhow, I picked and chose from this menu to come up with my ten simple rules for surviving in a harsh environment (which is what I subtitled my presentation). Here they are, with a short annotation (though I was much more discursive when I gave the talk, of course).
  1. Understand your Country, its social mores, its needs. We live in a complex country, and to succeed in science, its important to be socially at ease here.
  2. You Need Courage to Make the Best of Your Working Conditions. Power cuts, water shortages, poor infrastructure… Courage and a sense of humour will keep you going.
  3. Develop Endurance. Things do work differently here. Typically very slowly. And strange things can play a role in making things work (thats about as circumspect as one can get) so you need to be resilient…
  4. Work Hard and Effectively, and on Important Problems in Your Field. What’s the point, otherwise?
  5. Leave Your Door Open: Collaborate Locally and Internationally as well. This one is very important. Given the relatively few people in any field of enquiry, its almost a given that for most of us to survive, its essential to be open to others’ ideas and to be willing to collaborate. Closer is better, of course, but its also important to be internationally connected as well…
  6. Commit Yourself to the Education of Young Scientists. We really need more and more scientists in the country, and the only way its going to happen is if we see that more are created… The only way to do it!
  7. Write Research Grants and Publish in International Journals. Doing science is, in many ways, an international enterprise, and we need to keep international standards and benchmarks. And writing fundable research grant proposals, getting published in standard journals is one way of keeping a check on what we do.
  8. Do Not Ignore People. Thats why we do science in any case… There has to be a source of inspiration, and that can often come from others.
  9. Do Your Share for the Community: Teaching, Mentoring, INSPIRE-ing, whatever. It is important to give back, not just by transmitting information, but by guiding, sharing (through the INSPIRE programme is what I meant above, but more generally, of course).
  10. Appreciate Being a Scientist: A lot of people have put their faith in us. There are so few scientists in the country, and the investment is so large- to be a working scientist is a privilege. To be funded to do things that we find so enjoyable- it is not given to many, and its good to occasionally remember that…